Electromechanical properties of textured PIN-PSN-PT ceramics under uniaxial stress, hydrostatic pressure, and bias electric field

Textured relaxor-PbTiO3 ceramics have received considerable attention from both academia and industry, due to their crystal-like properties, high composition homogeneity easy-to-process, and relatively low cost compared to their crystal counterparts. In this work, the ⟨001⟩-oriented Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbTiO3 textured ceramics were fabricated by the template grain growth method. To explore the property variation in these textured ceramics under practical applications of piezoelectric devices, their electromechanical properties were characterized and analyzed under uniaxial stress, hydrostatic pressure, and d.c. bias electric field. The results show that the dielectric constants of all textured ceramics increase with an increase in the uniaxial prestress and hydrostatic pressure but decrease with an increase in the d.c. bias electric field. Among all textured ceramics, the textured ceramic with 3 vol. % BT templates exhibits the best stability under external fields. In particular, the electromechanical coupling factors of the textured ceramic change less than 2% with the hydrostatic pressure increase to 100 MPa. This work provides important data on textured relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, which will benefit the design and application of piezoelectric devices based on textured piezoelectric ceramics.