Third Pole Environment (TPE)

The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains represent one of the largest ice masses of the Earth. The region, referred to by scientists as the Third Pole, covering 5 million km2 with an average elevation of >4000 m and including more than 100,000 km2 of glaciers, is the most sensitive and readily visible indicator of climate change. The area also demonstrates considerable feedbacks to global environmental changes. The unique interactions among the atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere on the Third Pole ensure permanent flow of Asia's major rivers, thus significantly influencing social and economic development of China, India, Nepal, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bhutan where a fifth of the world's population lives. Like Antarctica and the Arctic, a series of observations and monitoring activities in the Third Pole region have been widely implemented. Yet for a comprehensive understanding of the Third Pole, current observational resources need to be integrated and perfected, and research goals and approaches need to be updated and identified. The Third Pole Environment (TPE) program aims to attract relevant research institutions and academic talents to focus on a theme of ‘water–ice–air–ecosystem–human’ interactions, to reveal environmental change processes and mechanisms on the Third Pole and their influences on and responses to global changes, and thus to serve for enhancement of human adaptation to the changing environment and realization of human–nature harmony.