The Clinical Translation of Organic Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy: A Focus on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Liposomes and Exosomes

It is important to underline that the translation of nanomedicines from the basic research phase to clinical use in patients is not only expensive and time-consuming, but that it also requires appropriate funding. After many years spent in the design of innovative nanomaterials, it is now the time for the research to take into consideration the biological obstacles that nanodrugs have to overcome. Barriers such as the mononuclear phagocyte system, intratumoral pressure or multidrug resistance are regularly encountered when a cancer patient is treated, especially in the metastatic setting.