Application Strategies of Brain-computer Interface in Education from the Perspective of Innovation Diffusion Theory

Diffusion Innovation theory aims to elaborate the law of diffusion and development of innovation things in social systems and is widely used in the study of diffusion phenomena of new technologies at home and abroad. As digital transformation reshapes global communication and learning styles, the recent advances in wearable and portable brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide an opportunity for practical implementation in educational scenarios, have a broad application prospect. Here, we review the four ways BCI is currently applied in the field of education based on the functional classification of BCI. Next, specific factors of the innovation diffusion process of BCI in the education field are discussed within the framework of the Innovation Diffusion theory, and summaries the commercialized products of BCI in education under the four application modes, and the development route of BCI in education in the future. Based on the collected data, we believe that the current application of BCI systems in the education field is still in the initial stage of innovation diffusion, with slow diffusion. Finally, several strategies aiming to accelerate the application of BCI in the field of education are proposed and discussed, which we are hoping to have both theoretical and practical significance.