Efficacy of trigger point dry needling on pain and function of the hip joint: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the evidence for the impact of dry needling (DN) on hip pain and function. Methods: Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched systematically through June 2022 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of DN on hip pain and function. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to assess risk of bias. Descriptive analysis was conducted to explain the outcomes and adverse events of DN in hip joint diseases. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to significant heterogeneity. Results: A total of seven eligible studies (including 273 patients) were included out of 2152 screened records. Five studies were in participants with hip osteoarthritis (OA; n = 3), greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS; n = 1) or piriformis syndrome ( n = 1); the other two studies were conducted in healthy athletes ( n = 2). Two articles assessed changes in participants’ short-term visual analog scale (VAS) scores (<1 week), one of which showed that DN significantly reduced pain ( P < 0.05). One-week VAS scores were analyzed in three studies, all of which demonstrated reduced scores following DN ( P < 0.05). Hip range of motion (ROM) and muscle force were also improved following DN. No serious side effects were reported. Conclusion: DN may be safe and effective at relieving hip pain and improving hip function. DN performs significantly better than several different types of control intervention (including sham DN, no treatment, corticosteroid injections and laser). Strong evidence (high degree of certainty around the results) is lacking, and future studies should ideally use longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes. Review registration number: CRD42022297845 (PROSPERO).