Long-term transplantation human menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cell loaded collagen scaffolds repair endometrium histological injury

Menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cell (MBMSC) is a potential cell source for effective therapy for intrauterine adhesion (IUA). Collagen scaffold (CS) loaded with mesenchymal stem cells promotes endometrial regeneration in IUA model animals. However, role of combination of MBMSCs and CS in IUA therapy remains elusive. In particular, transplantation of MBMSCs over a long period of time requires more in-depth research. Here in this study, transplantation of human MBMSCs loaded on CS was applied for therapy for a long term rat IUA model. A rat IUA model characterized by lower number of endometrial glands and increased fibrosis was established. At 90 days after transplantation of the human MBMSC-loaded CS, expression of HuNu, a human protein, was identified in the uteri of the transplanted IUA model rats. The transplantation increased the number of endometrial glands and decreased the fibrotic areas significantly. Moreover, transplantation of the human MBMSC-loaded CS decreased the Collagen I and increased the CK 18 significantly. Immunoblotting assay results further proved the downregulation of Collagen I and the upregulation of CK 18. Together, endometrium regeneration promoted by human MBMSC-loaded CS was demonstrated in a long term rat model of IUA, shedding a new light on the role of human MBMSCs in the therapy for IUA.