背景(考古学)
价值(数学)
加权
最大化
集合(抽象数据类型)
数理经济学
计量经济学
吸引力
微观经济学
选择集
经济
决策论
计算机科学
数学
统计
医学
心理学
古生物学
生物
精神分析
程序设计语言
放射科
作者
Amos Tversky,Itamar Simonson
出处
期刊:Management Science
[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]
日期:1993-10-01
卷期号:39 (10): 1179-1189
被引量:1158
标识
DOI:10.1287/mnsc.39.10.1179
摘要
The standard theory of choice—based on value maximization—associates with each option a real value such that, given an offered set, the decision maker chooses the option with the highest value. Despite its simplicity and intuitive appeal, there is a growing body of data that is inconsistent with this theory. In particular, the relative attractiveness of x compared to y often depends on the presence or absence of a third option z, and the “market share” of an option can actually be increased by enlarging the offered set. We review recent empirical findings that are inconsistent with value maximization, and present a context-dependent model that expresses the value of each option as an additive combination of two components: a contingent weighting process that captures the effect of the background context, and a binary comparison process that describes the effect of the local context. The model accounts for observed violations of the standard theory and provides a framework for analyzing context-dependent preferences.
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