体内
体外
化学
氧化应激
促炎细胞因子
生物相容性
生物物理学
脂肪变性
癌症研究
生物化学
炎症
内科学
医学
生物
生物技术
有机化学
作者
Yi‐Chun Chen,Hung-Hsiang Chen,Han‐Jia Lin,Chih‐Ching Huang,Ku‐Fan Chen,Yen-Ping Peng,Yiu Fai Tsang,Yanhua Chen,Kun‐Yi Andrew Lin,Chia‐Hua Lin
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113760
摘要
Recently, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become popular because of their simple synthesis and potential applications. Although CQDs have high biocompatibility, their biotoxicity must be verified to reduce the possible risks associated with large-scale application. In this study, the hepatotoxicity of three CQD types, namely diammonium citrate (AC)-based (CQDs-AC), spermidine trihydrochloride (Spd)-based (CQDs-Spd), and AC- and Spd-based CQDs (CQDs-AC/Spd), were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. It was observed in vivo that CQDs-Spd and CQDs-AC/Spd, but not CQDs-AC, caused histopathological damage, including liver steatosis and mild mixed inflammatory cell infiltration; however, reduced liver function was only observed in CQD-Spd–treated mice. The in vitro results revealed that only CQDs-Spd significantly decreased the number of viable HepG2 cells (NADH depletion) and induced oxidative stress (heme oxygenase-1 activation) after 24 h of exposure, which promoted inflammatory factor secretion (NF-κB activation). Additionally, decreasing zonula occludens-2 and α1-antitrypsin protein expression in HepG2 cells suggested that CQD-Spd exposure increases the risk of liver diseases. Our results revealed that CQDs-Spd had greater hepatotoxic potential than CQDs-AC and CQDs-AC/Spd, which might be attributable to their high positive surface charge. Overall, the risk of CQD-induced hepatotoxic risk must be considered when applying positively charged CQDs.
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