Ceria and ceria-based hybrid nanostructures as potential electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors

There is an imperative requirement for electrochemical energy storage systems with high-performance electrode materials that can offer instantaneous high power and energy densities. This can be achieved with pseudocapacitive electrode materials to store charge through the fast reversible surface or near-surface of electrodes in Faradaic reactions, which beats the constrains of electrical double-layer capacitors and batteries. Rare-earth based nanomaterials, especially ceria or cerium dioxide (CeO2), have gained significant attention due to their excellent redox properties with exceptional physical and chemical properties. This review thoroughly summarizes the electrochemical performance of CeO2 (chemically synthesized CeO2, MOF-derived CeO2, and metal ion-doped CeO2), CeO2-based binary hybrids (CeO2/conducting polymers, CeO2/carbon, CeO2/metal oxide, CeO2/metal sulfides, and CeO2/other polymers), and ternary and quaternary hybrids as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Finally, potential abilities, challenges, future prospects, and opportunities in the development of CeO2-based hybrid materials are also discussed.