嗅觉缺失
医学
嗅觉
嗅觉减退
嗅觉系统
嗅球
磁共振成像
嗅神经
前颅窝
神经科学
嗅上皮
病理
解剖
中枢神经系统
放射科
疾病
心理学
颅骨
传染病(医学专业)
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
作者
Ana Carolina Ottaiano,Tomás de Andrade Lourenção Freddi,Luciane Lucas Lucio
标识
DOI:10.1053/j.sult.2022.04.001
摘要
The human sense of smell is the unique sense through which the olfactory system can identify aromatic molecules within the air and provide a taste sensation. Still, also it plays an essential role in several other functions, warning about environmental safety and even impacts our emotional lives. Recently, olfactory impairment has become an issue of interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dysfunction may vary from only reduced smell detection (hyposmia) to complete loss of it (anosmia) but also includes changes in the normal perception of odors (parosmia). Computed tomography and magnetic imaging resonance are the modalities of choice to evaluate the olfactory pathways. Computed tomography is the initial imaging modality for olfactory disturbances, allowing recognition of sinonasal pathologies, inflammatory processes, or bone-related tumors. Magnetic imaging resonance with dedicated protocols for olfactory disorders enables a detailed assessment of the sinonasal compartment and the anterior cranial fossa. Provides a better depiction of olfactory bulb volume, morphology and signal intensity, as well the status of signal intensity of the central olfactory projection areas. Several diseases can affect the olfactory nerve, such as congenital disorders, trauma, inflammatory or infectious diseases, neoplasms, and even post-operative involvement. This article aims to review the normal anatomy of the olfactory nerve pathway and highlight the spectrum of conditions that most commonly affect it.
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