Structural and Functional Design of Electrospun Nanofibers for Hemostasis and Wound Healing

Electrospun nanofibers have been extensively studied in the biomedical field, including the controlled release of drugs, bionics, cell scaffolds, hemostasis, wound healing, and tissue engineering because of their high porosity, large surface area-to-volume ratio, and programmable features. In recent years researchers have continuously broadened the structural design of electrospun nanofibers, which have evolved from one-dimensional to three-dimensional structures, in order to diversify their function. These properties enable nanofibers to structurally and functionally mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby obtaining a favorable physiological microenvironment for both wound healing and hemostasis due to improved blood coagulation and concentration. A comprehensive review summarizing the recent research progress of the structural and functional design of electrospun nanofibers for hemostasis and wound healing, on the other hand, is lacking. This review summarizes electrospun nanofibers used for hemostasis and wound healing, with a focus on structural design and modification strategies. The wide application of electrospun nanofibers in hemostasis and wound healing is clarified using a special structural and innovative design for electrospinning. The advantages and limitations of electrospun nanofibers with various structural forms are also discussed, as are the main challenges and future development directions for the development of structurally specific electrospun nanofibers for hemostasis and wound healing.