Activation of Orexinergic Neurons Inhibits the Anesthetic Effect of Desflurane on Consciousness State via Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus in Rats

We discovered, for the first time, that orexinergic neurons in the PeFLH could not only influence the maintenance and emergence from isoflurane and desflurane anesthesias but also affect the induction under desflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, this specific effect is probably mediated by orexinergic PeFLH-PVT circuitry, especially OX2Rs in the PVT.