Neoadjuvant Superselective Intra-Arterial Cisplatin Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Surgery in Patients With T4 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus

Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (SCC-MS) is often diagnosed at a locally advanced stage, which is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced T4 SCC-MS including originally inoperable T4b disease treated with neoadjuvant superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery.This study is a retrospective case series. We examined clinical outcomes in the patients with T4 SCC-MS between 2005 and 2017. The outcome variables were 5-year overall survival rate, 5-year disease-free survival rate, and 5-year local control rate. Covariates included age, sex, T classification, N classification, stage classification, type of surgery, number of administrations and total dose of cisplatin, and radiation dose. Descriptive statistics were computed for each study variable.Ten patients with T4 SCC-MS (6 T4a and 4 T4b) were treated. All patients were men, and the median age was 60.5 years (range, 45 to 77). Total maxillectomy was performed in 4 patients, and extended total maxillectomy in 6. The total number of intra-arterial chemotherapy administrations ranged between 2 and 4 for patients with T4a disease and between 3 and 4 for those with T4b disease. The median intra-arterial cisplatin dose was 360 mg (range, 250 to 400) for patients with T4a disease and 360 mg (range, 320 to 480) for those with T4b disease. The 5-year overall survival, 5-year disease-free survival, and 5-year local control rates of all patients were 100%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rate and 5-year local control rate were 83% and 83%, respectively, in the 6 T4a patients and 50% and 75%, respectively, in the 4 T4b patients.Neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy in patients with T4 SCC-MS can achieve good clinical outcomes, and it may enable surgical resection of T4b lesions.