Ultratough, Processable Bioplastics Enabled by Triple Interlocking of Lignin and Cellulose

. These values are competitive to cellulose-lignin Bioplastic (denoted as CL Bioplastic) lacking long-chain entanglements and ester bonds, in tensile strength (15 times) but far exceed them in toughness (44 times). Moreover, long alkyl substituents exert an internal plasticizing effect, enabling CEL Bioplastics to form 3D structures through simple thermal or water-assisted shaping process. Such CEL Bioplastic exhibits biodegradability, recyclability and scalability (>4m in length), offering a sustainable pathway for producing high-performance bioplastics from natural biopolymers for functional and structural applications.