Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation During Long‐Term Exposure to High Altitude in Normal Subjects by Ultrasonography

Purpose To evaluate changes in dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) during short‐term and long‐term exposure to high altitude with ultrasonography, and also study the sex differences in the response of CA to altitude. Methods We assessed the differences in dynamic CA and measured with Doppler ultrasound of the bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral artery (VA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the values of basic information within 48 hours and at 2 years after arrival at Tibet in 65 healthy Han young Chinese volunteers, meanwhile, we compared the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the right MCA at inhale oxygen 8 minutes when a newcomer with 2 years after arrival at Tibet. Results With 2 years of altitude exposure, the SaO 2 of all subjects was above 90%, the mean PEF, DAP, and HR values decreased, HGB increased compared within 48 hours in same‐gender groups. Comparisons of cerebral hemodynamics between before 2 years and after 2 years within male and female groups, the mean RI and PI values of bilateral MCA after 2 years were significantly higher than before 2 years, at the same time, the mean RI and PI values of bilateral ICA were significant differences ( P < .05) between male groups, with regard to female groups, showed that the mean RI and PI values of bilateral VA were significant differences ( P < .05). Comparisons of Right MCA hemodynamics between after oxygen uptake 8 minutes and 2 years, the mean RI and PI values were no significant difference within male and female groups ( P > .05). Conclusions Acute mountain sickness could result from an alteration of dynamic autoregulation of cerebral blood flow, but the impaired autoregulation may be corrected with the extension of time, furthermore, the response of CA to altitude in males and females are different.