Despite improvements in the antifungal armamentarium and diagnostic modalities, invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. There is an emergence of non-traditional groups at risk for IA, including intensive care unit (ICU) patients, post-operative patients, those with chronic pulmonary diseases, patients with AIDS and patients on immunomodulating drugs (TNF-α inhibitors). Identification of clinical risk factors for IA may help in determining which patients require risk modification and other prevention measures.