The Role of Rosmarinic Acid in the Protection Against Inflammatory Factors in Rats Model With Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Investigating the Signaling Pathway of NFκB, OPG, Runx2, and P-Selectin in Heart

Abstract: Shortness of breath and syncope are common symptoms of right ventricular failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is the result of blockage and increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the idea that inflammation and vascular calcification (VC) are important factors in PAH pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the features of the inflammatory process and gene expression involved in VC in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. MCT (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce PAH. Animals were given normal saline or rosmarinic acid (RA) (10, 15, and 30 mg/kg, gavage) for 21 days. An increase in right ventricular systolic pressure was evaluated as confirming PAH. To determine the level of inflammation in lung tissue, pulmonary edema and the total and differential white blood cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. Also, the expression of NFκB, OPG, Runx2, and P-selectin genes was investigated to evaluate the level of VC in the heart. Our experiment showed that RA significantly decreased right ventricular hypertrophy, inflammatory factors, NFκB, Runx2, and P-selectin gene expression, pulmonary edema, total and differential white blood cell count, and increased OPG gene expression. Therefore, our research showed that RA protects against MCT-induced PAH by reducing inflammation and VC in rats.