Systematic Review: Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipain Plays a Vital Role in Organ Dysfunction in Systemic Diseases

Current literature suggests a vital role for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) gingipain in organ dysfunction in systemic disorders. Apart from triggering organ damage in periodontal tissue, gingipain is thought to be related to the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis in systemic diseases because it is related to its proteolytic activity. Thus, this systematic review aimed to comprehensively study the role of gingipain P and gingivalis in triggering organ dysfunction in systemic disorders. An electronic search was conducted in two databases (Pubmed and Science Direct) to identify studies published from January 2014 to January 2024. Results After the screening process, 18 in-vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further assessment. All studies have reported that P. gingivalis gingipain can significantly trigger cell, tissue, and organ damage. This process is activated through various inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators and pathways. The involvement of P. gingivalis OMVs and the proteolytic activity of gingipain in tight junctions was associated with tissue and organ damage outside the periodontal tissue. Briefly, based on the results of this study, P. gingivalis gingipain plays a role in provoking organ dysfunction in systemic disorders.