Interaction of microplastics and nanoplastics with natural organic matter (NOM) and the impact of NOM on the sorption behavior of anthropogenic contaminants – A critical review

The interaction of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) with natural organic matter (NOM) has opened new debate, defies and research prospects for the scientists owing to the development of ‘eco-corona (EC)’ on plastic particles or ‘biogenic aggregates’ in the environment. MPs and NPs can intermingle with allochthonous NOM, autochthonous NOM, and anthropogenic NOM, and can form an EC film or aggregation that not only alters physicochemical characteristics but also the mobility, stability, bioreactivity, settling, and fate of MPs and NPs in the environment. Therefore, in this review, the up-to-date statue on the interaction of MPs and NPs with NOM in various environmental matrixes are critically debated to explore the modulations in the development of biogenic aggregates or EC in the environment. Importantly, the influence of various constituents on the interaction of MPs and NPs with NOM in different environmental matrixes is critically examined to better elucidate the myth and reality about the development of EC. The presence of NOM can increase or decrease the sorption of contaminants. Thus, the impact of NOM on the sorption behavior of anthropogenic contaminants on the surfaces of MPs and NPs has been critically interpreted to better understand the environmental fate of MPs/NPs and anthropogenic pollutants in the presence of NOM. Finally, this review also encapsulates current knowledge gaps and potential recommendations regarding the interaction of MPs and NPs with NOM to assist the scientific community in a battle against MPs and NPs pollution.