Integrated Developmental Model and Culture Shock: An Integrative Model for Supervising International Counseling Students

International counseling students, who are unfamiliar with the U.S. mainstream culture, suffer from unique challenges posed to their daily lives. Moreover, counselor educators traditionally neglect this population. As a result, international counseling students may discover that their training at American university counseling supervision programs fails to provide applicability to their countries of origin and experience dissatisfaction of the learning process. To address the special needs of international students in supervision, this paper introduces a culturally responsive supervision model of culture shock using the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) of supervision. This paper discussed the rationale for creating this new model and includes a detailed description of this model.