Recent progresses on SnO2 anode materials for sodium storage

SnO2 is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries based on the alloy reaction due to its low reaction potential and high theoretical capacity (667 mA h g−1). However, SnO2 anodes will experience large volume change during sodiation/desodiation process, leading to fast capacity fading. In addition, SnO2 anode also shows relatively low conductivity, resulting in inferior rate capability, which both impeded its large-scale application. Many strategies have been made to improve the electrochemical performance of SnO2 anode, including synthesizing ultrafine nanostructures, combining with conductive materials, constructing heterostructures with other semiconducting materials, and others. In this review, we first briefly discuss the electrochemical mechanism of SnO2 with sodium ions. Then we systematically summarize the strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of SnO2 anode materials. Finally, we present the future suggestions and prospective of SnO2 as anode for sodium-ion batteries.