Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds over manganese-based oxide catalysts: Performance, deactivation and future opportunities

Manganese-based (Mn-based) oxide have been attracted much attention by researchers whose aim on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) controlling. Although the low cost, environment friendly and easy fabrication, the inferior catalytic activity of Mn-based oxide makes them unsuitable for practical application yet. In addition, the easy deactivation of Mn-based oxide catalysts to various conditions has been awarded in recent years. Summarizing the advancements of Mn-based oxide and different mechanisms of their deactivation are crucial for designing catalysts with superior catalytic active and stability for VOCs combustion. In this review, we summarize the developments of Mn-based oxide with elevated activity for catalytic oxidation of VOCs via morphology designing and vacancy engineering. Moreover, deactivation mechanisms with the presence of chloride-VOC, water vapor, NOx and SO2 are reviewed. Existing challenges and opportunities are proposed for future research toward to the industrial application of Mn-based oxide for VOCs combustion.