小胶质细胞
神经科学
生物
细胞生物学
低能
细胞外
神经炎症
运动前神经元活动
运动性
中枢神经系统
炎症
免疫学
作者
Anthony D. Umpierre,Long‐Jun Wu
出处
期刊:Glia
[Wiley]
日期:2020-12-28
卷期号:69 (7): 1637-1653
被引量:93
摘要
Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system that sense extracellular cues. Brain injuries, inflammation, and pathology evoke dynamic structural responses in microglia, altering their morphology and motility. The dynamic motility of microglia is hypothesized to be a critical first step in sensing local alterations and engaging in pattern-specific responses. Alongside their pathological responses, microglia also sense and regulate neuronal activity. In this review, we consider the extracellular molecules, receptors, and mechanisms that allow microglia to sense neuronal activity changes under both hypoactivity and hyperactivity. We also highlight emerging in vivo evidence that microglia regulate neuronal activity, ranging from physiological to pathophysiological conditions. In addition, we discuss the emerging role of calcium signaling in microglial responses to the extracellular environment. The dynamic function of microglia in monitoring and influencing neuronal activity may be critical for brain homeostasis and circuit modification in health and disease.
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