种群生存力分析
亚洲象
最小生存人口
人口
象属
生物
水煮
人口规模
近亲繁殖抑郁症
有效人口规模
人口增长
生态学
人口规模小
遗传负荷
非洲象
濒危物种
人口瓶颈
遗传多样性
近亲繁殖
野生动物
人口学
栖息地
等位基因
遗传学
微卫星
社会学
基因
作者
Changhuan He,Jiaojiao Du,Di Zhu,Li Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1111/1749-4877.12432
摘要
Abstract Small populations are at risk of extinction from deterministic and stochastic factors. Less than 250 Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) remain in China, and are distributed in a few isolated areas; yet, population viability analyses of this endangered population have not been conducted. Here, the current genetic status of the Pu'Er‐Mengyang Asian elephant populations in China was analyzed, and the risk of extinction was predicted over the next 500 years. Factors affecting the viability of this population were determined through simulations. The genetic diversity of the population was very low (mean allele number: 3.1; expected heterozygosity: 0.463), even though a recent population bottleneck was not detected. The effective population size was approximately 24.1 adult elephants. Enough adult breeding individuals exist to maintain population viability. VORTEX simulation model showed that this population would not go extinct in the next 500 years. However, illegal poaching and harvesting could negatively affect population size. A sensitivity analysis showed that the mean stochastic growth rate of the study population is sensitive to sex ratio, number of breeding females, mortality of females of different age classes, carrying capacity, and lethal equivalents. Based on our results, we suggest that action should be taken to alleviate inbreeding and any further loss of genetic diversity, by connecting fragmented elephant habitat or by translocating individual elephants. In addition, human–elephant conflict should be mitigated using various modern approaches, including crop guarding techniques, and by encouraging farmers to switch to crops and income sources not vulnerable to elephant raids.
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