巨噬细胞极化
骨质疏松症
骨吸收
成骨细胞
间充质干细胞
趋化因子
细胞生物学
巨噬细胞
化学
医学
免疫学
癌症研究
内科学
内分泌学
生物
炎症
生物化学
体外
作者
Joseph Muñoz,Neda Akhavan,Amy Mullins,Bahram H. Arjmandi
出处
期刊:Nutrients
[MDPI AG]
日期:2020-09-30
卷期号:12 (10): 2999-2999
被引量:185
摘要
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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