过电位
电极
材料科学
电化学
电解质
润湿
吸附
极化(电化学)
比表面积
分析化学(期刊)
化学工程
复合材料
化学
物理化学
催化作用
工程类
生物化学
色谱法
作者
Katharine Greco,Jude K. Bonesteel,Nicolas Chanut,Charles Tai-Chieh Wan,Yet‐Ming Chiang,Fikile R. Brushett
出处
期刊:ACS applied energy materials
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2021-11-17
卷期号:4 (12): 13516-13527
被引量:11
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsaem.1c01980
摘要
Thermal oxidation of carbon electrodes is a common approach to improving flow battery performance. Here, we investigate how thermal pretreatment increases electrode surface area and the effect this added surface area has on the electrode performance. Specifically, we rigorously analyze the surface area of Freudenberg H23 carbon paper electrodes, a binder-free model material, by systematically varying the pretreatment temperature (400, 450, and 500 °C) and time (0–24 h) and evaluating the changes in the physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the electrodes. We compare the physical surface area, measured by a combination of gas adsorption techniques, to the surface area measured via electrochemical double-layer capacitance. We find good agreement between the two at shorter treatment times (0–3 h); however, at longer treatment times (6–24 h), the surface area measured electrochemically is an underestimate of the physical surface area. Further, we use gas adsorption to measure the pore size distribution and find that the majority of pores are in the micropore range (<2 nm), and ca. 60% of the added surface area is in the subnanometer (<1 nm) pore size range. We postulate that the solvated radii and imperfect wetting of electrochemical species may hinder active species transport into these recessed regions, explaining the discrepancy between the electrochemical and physical surface areas. These results are supported by in situ flow cell testing, where single-electrolyte polarization measurements show little improvement with increasing surface area. Further, using a simple convection-reaction model to simulate the electrode overpotential as a function of surface area, we find that increasing surface area improves the performance to a point, but the mass transport to and the catalytic activity of the reaction sites offer greater comparative impact. Ultimately, this work aims to inform the design of electrodes that offer maximal accessible surface area to redox species.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI