微生物群
癌症
免疫疗法
肠道菌群
医学
免疫检查点
免疫系统
黑色素瘤
癌症免疫疗法
癌症研究
免疫学
内科学
肿瘤科
生物
生物信息学
作者
Giandomenico Roviello,Luigi Francesco Iannone,Melissa Bersanelli,Enrico Mini,Martina Catalano
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107973
摘要
Cancer treatment has been deeply changed by immunotherapy, achieving unprecedented improvement in overall and progression-free survival in several advanced and metastatic cancers. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) and programmed death/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) are being tested and approved for different tumors, ranging from melanoma to lung carcinoma. However, only a subgroup of patients can reach treatment benefits and long-term responses, and reliable biomarkers that can accurately predict clinical responses to immunotherapy are still unidentified. In the last decade, accumulating evidence seems to suggest the gut microbiota as one of the modulators that can alter the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy drugs (as well as chemotherapeutics), mainly acting through the local and systemic immune system. Herein, we reviewed the highly dynamic and complex microbiome-immune system interface, its bidirectional relationship with cancer immunotherapies, and explored the future possibilities and risks in manipulating the gut microbiome.
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