Advanced Nanocarbons Toward two‐Electron Oxygen Electrode Reactions for H2O2 Production and Integrated Energy Conversion

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable technologies due to its eco‐friendly oxidizing capability. The electrochemical two‐electron (2e − ) oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction present an environmentally green method for H 2 O 2 production. Over the past three years, significant progress is made in the field of carbon‐based metal‐free electrochemical catalysts (C‐MFECs) for low‐cost and efficient production of H 2 O 2 (H 2 O 2 EP). This article offers a focused and comprehensive review of designing C‐MFECs for H 2 O 2 EP, exploring the construction of dual‐doping configurations, heteroatom‐defect coupling sites, and strategic dopant positioning to enhance H 2 O 2 EP efficiency; innovative structural tuning that improves interfacial reactant concentration and promote the timely release of H 2 O 2 ; modulation of electrolyte and electrode interfaces to support the 2e − pathways; and the application of C‐MFECs in reactors and integrated energy systems. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this burgeoning field are discussed.