A novel ultrasensitive immunosensor based on disposable graphite paper electrodes for troponin T detection in cardiovascular disease

Troponin T, which is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease, is vital for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AMI is the most well-known cause of death in the world. In the present work, we designed a novel immunosensor using disposable, cheap, and very conductive graphite paper electrodes (GP). The proposed immunosensor was modified with hydrochloric acid (HCl) for immobilization of anti-TnT antibody. After carboxyl group formation on the surface, the GP electrodes were incubated with EDC/NHS pair as a cross-linker. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), single frequency impedance (SFI), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques were used for electrochemical characterization of the label-free immunosensor. Furthermore, the fabrication process of the proposed immunosensor was examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed electrochemical immunosensor had a wide detection range (0.5 fg - 1000 fg/mL), and low limit of detection (LOD) and low limit of quantification (LOQ) at 1.28 fg/mL and 4.29 fg/mL, respectively. The designed immunosensor exhibited very good sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability, reusability and long storage life. Additionally, the immunosensor was successfully applied to detection of TnT in human serum.