Repurposing Secukinumab and Dapagliflozin as Candidate Therapies to Mitigate the Renal Toxicity of Sunitinib in Rats Through Suppressing IL‐17‐Mediated Pyroptosis and Promoting Autophagy

Sunitinib (SUN) is a chemotherapeutic agent showing renal toxicity that limits its clinical applications. The present research aimed to clarify the potential ameliorative effects of secukinumab (SEC) and dapagliflozin (DAPA) against SUN-induced renal toxicity and the underpinning molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, adult Wistar albino rats were received SUN (25 mg/kg 3 times/week, po) and co-treated with SEC (3 mg/kg/every 2 weeks, subcutaneously) or DAPA (10 mg/kg/day, po) for 4 weeks and compared with age-matched control group (CON). Markers of kidney functions were assessed in serum samples. Kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histological examination. Compared to CON group, SUN-treated rats displayed signs of kidney dysfunction along with renal histological changes that were ameliorated by SEC or DAPA. Both drugs significantly lowered the renal levels of IL-17, but SEC exerted more inhibitory effect than DAPA. Additionally, SUN-subjected rats showed significant increases in the renal expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and the other inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, END-1, and MCP-1. This was associated with marked decline of the renal levels of beclin-1. Co-treatment with SEC or DAPA significantly suppressed NLRP3-induced inflammation while enhanced beclin-1-mediated autophagy. The modulatory effect of DAPA on NLRP3 and beclin-1 was superior to that of SEC. Moreover, both drugs significantly and similarly attenuated the enhanced cleaved caspase-3 expression and interstitial fibrosis in renal tissue of SUN-subjected rats. Collectively, these findings may repurpose SEC and DAPA as candidate therapies to alleviate the renal toxicity of SUN and to rescue the renal functionality in SUN-treated cancer cases.