Bone volume and height changes for lateral window sinus floor elevation using two types of deproteinized bovine bone mineral: A retrospective cohort study of 1–4 years

Abstract Objective To compare bone volume and height changes of two types of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for lateral window sinus floor elevation (LSFE) with simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study involved 72 patients who underwent LSFE using low‐temperature sintered cancellous bone‐derived DBBM (C‐DBBM) or high‐temperature two‐step sintered epiphyseal‐derived DBBM (E‐DBBM). Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was acquired preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 6 months and 1–4 years post‐surgery. Bone volume (BV), apical bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), and crestal bone level (CBL) were evaluated through three‐dimensional fitting and superimposition. Linear mixed models (LMM) were employed to analyze factors influencing the reduction of BV (ΔBV) and ESBG (ΔESBG). Results The E‐DBBM group showed no significant change in BV 1–4 years post‐surgery, while the C‐DBBM group demonstrated a significant reduction ( p = .006) with volume stability of 85.86%. Bone height in the E‐DBBM group increased at 6 months and subsequently decreased at 1–4 years ( p = .003). In the C‐DBBM group, it decreased at 6 months ( p = .014), then further decreased at 1–4 years ( p = .001). ΔESBG was lower in the E‐DBBM group than the C‐DBBM group from immediate postoperative to 1–4 years ( p = .009). LMM showed graft material type was the primary factor influencing ΔBV ( p = .026) and ΔESBG ( p = .003). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, both types of DBBM could achieve favorable clinical outcomes. E‐DBBM demonstrated enhanced stability in maintaining bone volume and height.