Clinical and economic outcomes of robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and open liver resection in BCLC 0/A hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study

RALR and LLR demonstrated lower incidence and severity of complications, less advanced-stage recurrence, and higher cost-effectiveness compared to OLR. These findings support the broader adoption of minimally invasive techniques to improve long-term outcomes and quality of life (QoL). Despite RALR's higher initial costs, it remains a highly cost-effective option, offering superior QoL and long-term economic benefits.