In Situ Coupling Strategy for Anchoring Monodisperse Co9S8 Nanoparticles on S and N Dual-Doped Graphene as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

Abstract An in situ coupling strategy to prepare Co 9 S 8 /S and N dual-doped graphene composite (Co 9 S 8 /NSG) has been proposed. The key point of this strategy is the function-oriented design of organic compounds. Herein, cobalt porphyrin derivatives with sulfo groups are employed as not only the coupling agents to form and anchor Co 9 S 8 on the graphene in situ, but also the heteroatom-doped agent to generate S and N dual-doped graphene. The tight coupling of multiple active sites endows the composite materials with fast electrochemical kinetics and excellent stability for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits better activity parameter (Δ E = 0.82 V) and smaller Tafel slope (47.7 mV dec −1 for ORR and 69.2 mV dec −1 for OER) than commercially available Pt/C and RuO 2 . Most importantly, as electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air battery, Co 9 S 8 /NSG displays low charge–discharge voltage gap and outstanding long-term cycle stability over 138 h compared to Pt/C–RuO 2 . To further broaden its application scope, a homemade all-solid-state Zn–air battery is also prepared, which displays good charge–discharge performance and cycle performance. The function-oriented design of N 4 -metallomacrocycle derivatives might open new avenues to strategic construction of high-performance and long-life multifunctional electrocatalysts for wider electrochemical energy applications.