Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Practice Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure in Adults

Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Information The Continuing Professional Education (CPE) quiz for this article is available for free to Academy members through the MyCDRGo app (available for iOS and Android devices) and through www.jandonline.org (click on “CPE” in the menu and then “Academy Journal CPE Articles”). Log in with your Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics or Commission on Dietetic Registration username and password, click “Journal Article Quiz” on the next page, then click the “Additional Journal CPE quizzes” button to view a list of available quizzes. Non-members may take CPE quizzes by sending a request to [email protected] There is a fee of $45 per quiz (includes quiz and copy of article) for non-member Journal CPE. CPE quizzes are valid for 1 year after the issue date in which the articles are published. Systolic heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing cardiovascular disorder in the United States. About 6.5 million Americans are living with heart failure, and approximately 650,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. 1 American Heart Association 2017 heart disease and stroke statistics update. http://newsroom.heart.org/news/latest-statistics-show-heart-failure-on-the-rise;-cardiovascular-diseases-remain-leading-killer. Accessed January 10, 2018. Google Scholar , 2 Yancy C.W. Jessup M. Bozkurt B. et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013; 128: e240-e327 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1647) Google Scholar The total cost of HF care in the United States exceeds $40 billion annually, with more than half of these costs spent on hospitalizations. 2 Yancy C.W. Jessup M. Bozkurt B. et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013; 128: e240-e327 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1647) Google Scholar HF is the primary diagnosis in >1 million hospitalizations annually. 2 Yancy C.W. Jessup M. Bozkurt B. et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013; 128: e240-e327 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1647) Google Scholar For these patients, the risk for rehospitalizations is high, with a 1-month readmission rate of 25%. Readmissions within 30 days of discharge are not reimbursed by Medicare. Nonadherence with medication and/or diet is the most common cause of these admissions. 3 Spaderna H. Zahn D. Pretsch J. et al. Dietary habits are related to outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure awaiting heart transplantation. J Card Fail. 2013; 19: 240-250 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar , 4 Arcand J.L. Brazel S. Joliffe C. et al. Education by a dietitian in patients with heart failure results in improved adherence with a sodium-restricted diet: A randomized trial. Am Heart J. 2005; 150: 716.e1-716.e5 Crossref Scopus (69) Google Scholar , 5 Paterna S. Fasullo S. Parrinello G. et al. Short-term effects of hypertonic saline solution in acute heart failure and long-term effects of a moderate sodium restriction in patients with compensated heart failure with New York Heart Association class III (Class C) (SMAC-HF Study). Am J Med Sci. 2011; 342: 27-37 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (91) Google Scholar , 6 Son Y. Lee Y. Song E. Adherence to a sodium-restricted diet is associated with lower symptom burden and longer cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure. J Clin Nurs. 2011; 20: 3029-3038 Crossref PubMed Scopus (49) Google Scholar Treatment of HF is a critical issue for the US population from both a quality-of-life and fiscal perspective. The Continuing Professional Education (CPE) quiz for this article is available for free to Academy members through the MyCDRGo app (available for iOS and Android devices) and through www.jandonline.org (click on “CPE” in the menu and then “Academy Journal CPE Articles”). Log in with your Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics or Commission on Dietetic Registration username and password, click “Journal Article Quiz” on the next page, then click the “Additional Journal CPE quizzes” button to view a list of available quizzes. Non-members may take CPE quizzes by sending a request to [email protected] There is a fee of $45 per quiz (includes quiz and copy of article) for non-member Journal CPE. CPE quizzes are valid for 1 year after the issue date in which the articles are published. T. Kuehneman is a cardiac dietitian/consultant, Papillion, NE. M. Gregory is a clinical dietitian, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Brook, IL. D. de Waal is a renal dietitian, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington. P. Davidson is an assistant professor of nutrition, Sturzebecker Health Science Center, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester. R. Frickel is a clinical dietitian, CHI Creighton Bergan Medical Center, Omaha, NE. C. King is an associate professor, University of Alaska, Anchorage. E. Gradwell is an independent contractor and lead analyst, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Arvada, CO. D. Handu is a lead analysts/project manager, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL.