[Mechanisms underlying the aging process and the anti-aging strategy].

The mechanisms underlying the aging process and the anti-aging strategy in mammals are discussed by reviewing accumulated findings of the anti-aging effect of calorie restriction (CR), longevity assurance genes, and progerias. An evolutionary view emphasizes the roles of energy--sensing and neuroendocrine adaptation to food shortage as the mechanisms underlying the effect of CR. In mammals, genetic changes that reduce the growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 axis or mitochondrial respiration favor longevity. Progeria models also indicate importance of the reduced hormonal signals including the GH-IGF-1 axis and mitochondrial respiration as protective mechanisms against cellular stresses induced by genetic instability. The findings described clearly indicate sites of action for the anti-aging strategy.