Initial Experience With Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Endometrial Fibrosis

Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging for detecting endometrial fibrosis in patients with intrauterine injury. Methods This prospective study included 34 patients with endometrial fibrosis and 34 healthy controls. All participants underwent T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm 2 during the periovulatory phase with a dominant follicle. The endometrial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and uterine anatomical parameters (endometrial thickness [EMT], length of the uterine cavity [LUC], and junctional zone thickness [JZT]) were measured and compared. Performance of the uterine endometrial ADC and anatomical parameters in diagnosing endometrial fibrosis was evaluated. Results Patients with endometrial fibrosis showed a lower endometrial ADC, lower EMT, shorter LUC, and higher JZT than did healthy controls (all, P < 0.001). Endometrial ADC value and uterine anatomical parameters showed good performance in diagnosing endometrial fibrosis, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.976, 0.870, 0.883, and 0.864, respectively. The area under the curve of ADC was significantly higher than those of EMT ( z = 1.973, P = 0.0485), LUC ( z = 2.059, P = 0.0395), and JZT ( z = 2.484, P = 0.0130). Intraobserver and interobserver agreements of endometrial ADC value measurements were excellent for both patients (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.987 and 0.983, respectively) and healthy women (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.986 and 0.989, respectively). Conclusions Our preliminary results suggest that diffusion-weighted imaging has the potential to be a noninvasive imaging tool for the quantitative assessment of endometrial fibrosis.