抗氧化剂
胰岛素抵抗
氧化应激
背景(考古学)
活性氧
医学
2型糖尿病
药理学
生物信息学
糖尿病
内科学
胰岛素
生物
内分泌学
生物化学
古生物学
作者
Kathryn McKeegan,Shaun Mason,Adam J. Trewin,Michelle A. Keske,Glenn D. Wadley,Paul A. Della Gatta,Michalis G. Nikolaidis,Lewan Parker
出处
期刊:Redox biology
[Elsevier]
日期:2021-08-01
卷期号:44: 102005-102005
被引量:25
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005
摘要
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern “redox screening” and “personalized antioxidant treatment” approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans.
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