Continuous SiCN Fibers with Interfacial SiCxNy Phase as Structural Materials for Electromagnetic Absorbing Applications

SiCN ceramics are one of the most important electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials for application in harsh environments, but research studies on optimizing phase distribution in SiCN ceramics for excellent EMW absorbing properties are still lacking. Herein, continuous SiCN fibers with an interfacial SiC xN y phase were prepared through nanochannel diffusion-controlled nitridation of polycarbosilane fibers with an NH3 gas flow. The existence of the interfacial SiC xN y phase distributed between the carbon-rich SiC phase and Si3N4 phase can improve the impedance matching and efficiently promote the production of macroscopic dipole moments in the heterointerfaces of SiC xN y-SiC and SiC xN y-Si3N4 for an enhanced multifarious polarization relaxation loss. The EMW absorption properties can be further improved by optimizing the microstructure with a continuous carbon-rich SiC phase for possessing an excellent conductive loss by converting the EMW energy into current flow. Finally, under the synergy of the interfacial SiC xN y phase and the continuous carbon-rich SiC phase, SiCN fibers can present excellent EMW absorption properties with extremely strong absorption ability (reflection loss of -63.7 dB), ultrathin thickness (1.78 mm), and wide effective absorption bandwidth (4.20 GHz). These obtained SiCN fibers also possess excellent mechanical properties with the tensile strength higher than 2.0 GPa and excellent high-temperature stability up to 1500 °C. This work provides a strategic method for optimizing the microstructure of SiCN ceramics for admirable EMW absorption properties, and the obtained SiCN fibers can be used as reinforcements of ceramic matrix composites for stealth applications under harsh environments.