生物
免疫系统
免疫原性
寄主(生物学)
分泌物
促炎细胞因子
噬菌体
微生物学
病毒学
免疫学
遗传学
基因
炎症
大肠杆菌
生物化学
作者
Kevin Champagne-Jorgensen,Tiffany Luong,Taylor Darby,Dwayne R. Roach
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2023.04.008
摘要
Hundreds of trillions of diverse bacteriophages (phages) peacefully thrive within and on the human body. However, whether and how phages influence their mammalian hosts is poorly understood. In this review, we explore current knowledge and present growing evidence that direct interactions between phages and mammalian cells often induce host inflammatory and antiviral immune responses. We show evidence that, like viruses of the eukaryotic host, phages are actively internalized by host cells and activate conserved viral detection receptors. This interaction often generates proinflammatory cytokine secretion and recruitment of adaptive immune programs. However, significant variability exists in phage-immune interactions, suggesting an important role for structural phage characteristics. The factors leading to the differential immunogenicity of phages remain largely unknown but are highly influenced by their human and bacterial hosts.
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