Utilizing multimodal artificial intelligence to advance cardiovascular diseases

Abstract The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming cardiovascular medicine. Initially, AI applications concentrated on analyzing single data types, such as electrocardiograms and imaging studies. However, advancements in multimodal AI have now enabled the integration of diverse data sources, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of patient health and predictive accuracy of disease outcomes. In this review, we discuss current achievements in multimodal AI within cardiovascular medicine, including various combinations of different modalities, computer algorithms of data integration and fusion, and their integration into clinical workflow. As the field continues to evolve, we further propose current challenges and prospects for their future implementation.