Is particle size reduction linked to drug efficacy: an overview into nano initiatives in pharmaceuticals

Abstract Poor aqueous solubility results in ineffective drug dissolution and a reduced bioavailability. The poor bioavailability may render even effective medications therapeutically ineffective. Therefore, improving water solubility is necessary in order to enhance drug dissolution and availability at the action site. Drug solubility has been increased using conventional methods, but these methods have many drawbacks, including inconsistent particle size and difficulty in reproducing. Nanotechnology can enable drug targeting and can also offer protection to drugs against degradation. Phytochemicals have some unbelievable benefits when it comes to disease treatment. The integration of phytotherapy and nanotechnology at clinical level will boost pharmacological response and favorable clinical results for the ailing population. The given review is an overview of what may be the consequences, if a drug is poor water soluble and current approaches that further improve these drugs solubility. While such process of solubilization of drugs is also explained. It explains how nanoparticles of drugs, nanocarriers, and lipid-based nano-systems, can be utilized to meet the challenges and which of these methods do already prevail in the market. Finally, it is drawing a line of demarcation and making comparisons between the crude drug formulations and those with enhanced solubility.