化学
吸附
解吸
聚苯乙烯
环境化学
核化学
生物物理学
有机化学
聚合物
生物
作者
Meichen Wang,Kendall Lilly,Leisha Martin,Wei Xu,Phanourios Tamamis,Timothy D. Phillips
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120944
摘要
Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) commonly occurs through the consumption of contaminated drinking water. Among these, polystyrene (PS) is well-characterized and one of the most abundant MNPs, accounting for 10% of total plastics. Previous studies have focused on carbonaceous materials to remove MNPs by filtration, but most of the work has involved microplastics since nanoplastics (NPs) are smaller in size and more difficult to measure and remove. To address this need, green-engineered chlorophyll-amended sodium and calcium montmorillonites (SMCH and CMCH) were tested for their ability to bind and detoxify parent and fluorescently labeled PSNP using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo assays. In vitro dosimetry, isothermal analyses, thermodynamics, and adsorption/desorption kinetic models demonstrated 1) high binding capacities (173-190 g/kg), 2) high affinities (103), and 3) chemisorption as suggested by low desorption (≤ 42%) and high Gibbs free energy and enthalpy (> |-20| kJ/mol) in the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. Computational dynamics simulations for 30 and 40 monomeric units of PSNP depicted that chlorophyll amendments increased the binding percentage and contributed to the sustained binding. Also, 64% of PSNP bind to both the head and tail of chlorophyll aggregates, rather than the head or tail only. Fluorescent PSNP at 100 nm and 30 nm that were exposed to Hydra vulgaris showed concentration-dependent toxicity at 20-100 µg/mL. Importantly, the inclusion of 0.05%-0.3% CMCH and SMCH significantly (p ≤ 0.01) and dose-dependently reduced PSNP toxicity in morphological changes and feeding rate. The bioassay validated the in vitro and in silico predictions on adsorption efficacy and mechanisms and suggested that CMCH and SMCH are efficacious binders for PSNP in water.
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