Ultrahigh phase-transition electric field and giant energy density in NaNbO3–Bi(Zn0.5Sn0.5)O3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics

Synergistic effect of reduced off-centering displacements of B-site cations, enhanced antiferrodistortive and decreased AFE domain size leads to significantly enhanced E AF of ≥45 kV mm −1 and W rec of ∼5.5 J cm −3 in NaNbO 3 -based lead-free ceramics.