Selective carbon 13 enrichment of side chain carbons of ginkgo lignin traced by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance

Although carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C-NMR) is widely used in lignin structural studies, serious difficulties are encountered in the assignments of 13 C signals because of their extensive overlaps resulting from the complex structure of lignin and of delicate detection of minor structures. To overcome these difficulties, specifically 13 C-enriched precursors of lignin biosynthesis, coniferin-[side chain-β- 13 C] and coniferin-[side chain-γ- 13 C], were administered to growing stems of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba). The NMR analysis of the milled wood lignins isolated from the newly formed xylem showed that selective enrichment of specific carbons of protolignin in the cell wall was achieved without seriously disturbing the lignin biosynthesis