Janus Electrospun Membranes

Janus electrospun membranes (JEMs) exhibit irreplaceable advantages in advanced functional nanofiber materials. However, as an emerging concept, their profound connotations and academic value have not yet been fully recognized by the scientific community. Herein, the broad scope and relevant categories of JEM are first defined. Subsequently, the construction methods of JEMs with different layers and structures become the focus of summarization and discussion. The enhancement of interlayer bonding forces through various chemical and physical strategies, considered as the core challenge in this field, is classified and compared. Furthermore, according to different asymmetric properties, the applications of JEM in fields such as functional clothing, clean energy, and intelligent sensing are systematically reviewed. The construction methods, functional principles, and key mechanisms of JEM in various application scenarios are deeply analyzed. Finally, the practical challenges and technical bottlenecks JEM faces in large-scale preparation, performance optimization, cross-disciplinary applications, and other aspects are explored in detail, providing inspiration and guidance for promoting the technological breakthroughs and industrial transformation of JEM technology.