Electrochemical Reconstruction of Defect Engineered MOFs: A Dynamic Frontier in Electrochemistry

Abstract Recent advances in functional materials and characterization techniques significantly deepen the understanding of the dynamic electrochemical reconstruction processes in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), revealing their critical role in unlocking hidden catalytic active sites and reaction pathways. This review emphasizes how defect engineering enhances the reconstruction behavior and electrocatalytic performance of MOF precatalysts. Design strategies for introducing defects are discussed, the mechanisms underlying electrochemical reconstruction are examined, and the application of advanced in situ spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques for monitoring these dynamic processes is highlighted. Representative examples of defect‐engineered MOFs are presented for electrocatalytic reactions (both oxidation and reduction) and energy storage applications, along with prospects for industrial‐scale synthesis and implementation. Then, challenges and future research directions are examined. By establishing a clear link between defect control, reconstruction dynamics, and catalytic functionality, this review provides valuable insights for the rational design of high‐performance electrocatalysts and electrodes, contributing to the development of next‐generation energy technologies.