Fish skin-derived supercapacitors: Electrospun collagen/cellulose acetate engineered with polypyrrole and molybdenum disulfide composite for sustainable energy storage

Here, we investigated the potentials of supercapacitor (SC) electrodes made from conductive composite fibers derived from fish collagen (Col) and cellulose acetate (CA). Conductive fibers were prepared by incorporating polypyrrole (PPy) via vapor phase polymerization, followed by the addition of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanoparticles . The process involved the preparation of extracted collagen from fish and the formation of Col/CA fibers through electrospinning. These fibers were prepared by polymerization with PPy and incorporation of MoS₂ to enhance the electrochemical properties . The resulting composite fibers (Col/CA/MoS 2 /PPy) showed significant improvements in specific capacitance and cyclic stability. Specifically, the SCs using 5 wt% iron(III)-p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate (FTS) containing fish-collagen-derived composite fibers pretreated with 4 wt% MoS₂ exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 136 mF/cm 2 and retained 98 % of their initial performance even after 6000 charge-discharge cycles. This study highlights the potential of eco-friendly, fish collagen-based composites for use in high-performance, sustainable energy storage devices, combining the advantages of both organic and inorganic materials . • Investigation of SC electrodes with fish collagen and cellulose acetate (CA) fibers • Incorporating PPy and MoS 2 into fish collagen (Col) and CA fibers • SCs with 5 wt% FTS and 4 wt% MoS₂ had 136 mF/cm 2 and 98 % retention after 6000 cycles.