Electric-Responsive Materials: Properties, Design, and Applications

Among the different stimuli, electrical stimuli are mainly attractive according to the precise signals that can be produced simply, and repeatedly without requiring large, complex instruments, as well as electrical devices. Electro-responsive materials are a type of smart materials with the capability to change their physical and mechanical properties in response to external electric fields. According to their exclusive properties, they can be applied in smart constructions, such as artificial organs, flexible cells, as well as biosensors, or smart drug delivery systems. They can be classified based on the types of polymers, metal and metal oxide materials, carbon-based materials, or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which we will discuss in this chapter.