Graphene oxide nanomaterials in the recovery of shoulder joint movement contraction

The drug loading capacity, the drug releasing capacity, and the antibacterial ability of the GO-TiO2 nanotubes were analysed. The results showed that after seven days of culture, the cell adhesion rate on GO-TiO2 surface (79.9%) was obviously higher than that on pure titanium surface (52%) (P < 0.05); the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on GO-TiO2 nanotubes surface were in the form of polymerised colonies, while the MSCs on the surface of pure Ti were in the form of dispersed particles. The drug-loaded GO-TiO2nanotube film did not release the drug after eight days, while the drug release time of the drug-loaded GO-TiO2 nanotube film covered by poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) was extended to 24 days. The antibacterial ability of pure Ti, GO-TiO2 nanotubes, and drug-loaded GO-TiO2 nanotubes was compared as pure Ti < GO-TiO2 nanotubes