Review on doping strategy in Li4Ti5O12 as an anode material for Lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) as rechargeable energy storages play a key role in saving oil and decreasing exhaust emissions which are used for many applications including electric vehicles and electronic devices. Lithium titanate (LTO) as a promised anode material provides not only the Li-ion extraction and intercalation reversibility but also low volume changing during Li transmission. Nevertheless, LTO has some limitations which can be improved by some strategies such as doping. Dopants as a substation in the crystal structure of LTO could result in better performance in LIBs. In this report, doping of LTO with all kinds of dopants and with different fabrication methods is reviewed.